Describes several different evaporator designs used to concentrate black liquor, including rising film evaporators, falling film evaporators, falling film concentrators, and forced circulation concentrators (crystallizers). Discusses scaling and boil outs, the role of the surface condenser, overall driving force and capacity, and removal of non-condensable gases (NCGs) from a multiple effect evaporator set.
•List the objectives of black liquor evaporators
•Differentiate between the designs and operation of several common types of black liquor evaporators and concentrators
•Define "scaling" and recognize the need of a "boil-out"
•Describe the role of the surface condenser
•Describe overall driving force and capacity
•State the importance of non-condensable gas (NCG) removal
